Ukuhlanza iSilo kungenye yemisebenzi yokulungisa eyingozi kakhulu ezikhungweni zezimboni. Izisebenzi zingena ezindaweni ezivalekile ezinomoya olinganiselwe, izinto ezingazinzile ezingadilika, kanye nomkhathi ongase ube nobuthi noma untule umoya-mpilo. Izisetshenziswa zisebenza ezindaweni eziqinile ezinezingxenye ezihambayo ezingabamba izingubo noma izitho. Futhi umsebenzi uvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi ngoba ukukhiqizwa kulindile.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zingozi, izikhungo eziningi ziphatha ukuhlanzwa kwezisele njengomsebenzi ojwayelekile onezinyathelo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayanele. Isisele ngasinye, impahla ngayinye, nendlela yokuhlanza ngayinye inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezingozi okumelwe zibonakale futhi zilawulwe ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuphepha kokuhlanza izisele. Ichaza izigaba ezinkulu zezingozi, ichaza ukuthi zingahlolwa kanjani ubungozi ezimweni ezithile, futhi inikeze nezinyathelo zokulawula ezingasetshenziswa ngezindleko eziphansi. Kugxilwe ezenzweni ezingokoqobo ezingathathwa onjiniyela bezitshalo nabaphathi bezokulungisa ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi.
Izingozi Zomkhathi
Umkhathi ongaphakathi kwesisele awuvamile ukufana nomoya wangaphandle. Amazinga omoya-mpilo angase ancishwe insimbi egqwalile, umsebenzi webhayoloji ezintweni eziphilayo, noma ngokususwa kwamanye amagesi. Amagesi anobuthi angase abe khona ezintweni ezingashisi, ekuboleni, noma ekuhlanganeni kwamakhemikhali. Amagesi avuthayo noma uthuli lungadala izingozi zokuqhuma.
Ukuntuleka komoyampilo kuyingozi evame kakhulu emkhathini kuma-silo. Umoya ojwayelekile uqukethe cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amabili nanye umoya-mpilo. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye nengxenye, abasebenzi baqala ukuzwa ukwahlulela nokuxhumana okukhinyabezekile. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi nesithupha, ukusebenza komzimba kwehla kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi nambili, ukwazi kulahleka. Ukufa kwenzeka emizuzwini engaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi.
Izimbangela zokuntuleka komoyampilo ziyahlukahluka. Insimbi egqwalile idla umoya-mpilo. Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nokusanhlamvu noma imikhiqizo yezinkuni zisebenzisa umoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi we-microbial. Amagesi angangeni asetshenziselwa ukucisha umlilo noma ukonga izinto ezibonakalayo asusa umoya-mpilo. Ngisho nezinto ngokwazo, uma zigcinwe isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ziye zadla umoya-mpilo ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali.
Amagesi anobuthi nawo avamile. I-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon monoxide, ne-sulphur dioxide kungase kube khona ezintweni ezithile. I-methane namanye amagesi avuthayo angase anqwabelane. Izingozi ezithile zincike ezintweni kanye nezimo zokugcina.
Isilinganiso sokulawula izingozi zomoya ukuhlola kanye nokukhipha umoya. Ngaphambi kokuba noma yimuphi umuntu angene esiseleni, umkhathi kufanele uhlolwe kusetshenziswa umshini wokuqapha igesi olinganisiwe. Ukuhlola kufanele kubandakanye okuqukethwe komoyampilo, ukugcwala kwegesi evuthayo, namazinga egesi anobuthi afanele okokusebenza. Ukuhlola kufanele kwenziwe emazingeni amaningi ngoba amagesi ayahlukana. Amagesi asindayo ahlala eduze naphansi. Amagesi alula akhuphukela phezulu.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokungena. Umkhathi ungashintsha njengoba impahla iphazamiseka noma njengoba umoya kushintsha izimo. Imonitha egqokwa ongenele ngamunye inikeza isexwayiso esisheshayo sezinguquko.
Ukungena komoya okuphoqelekile kuyadingeka ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokungena. Ukungena komoya kufanele kube ngokwanele ukugcina amazinga e-oxygen ephephile futhi kukhishwe amagesi anobuthi noma avuthayo. Umoya wokungenisa umoya kufanele uthathwe emthonjeni ohlanzekile, hhayi ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona i-exhaust noma okunye ukungcola.
Izingozi Zomzimba - Ukungena kanye Nokungena
I-Engulfment iyingozi ebulala kakhulu ekuhlanzeni izisele. Izinto ezibonakala zizinzile zingawa ngokuzumayo, zigqibe izisebenzi ngaphansi kwamathani amaningi okuqinile. Isisindo sokuqukethwe senza ukuhlenga kucishe kungenzeki ezimeni eziningi.
I-engulfment kwenzeka lapho impahla iphazamiseka futhi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo angaphakathi. Ukuphazamiseka kungase kube kusukela emsebenzini wokuhlanza ngokwawo, kusukela ekudlidlizeni, noma esisindweni sabasebenzi endaweni ebonakalayo. Ukuwa kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso futhi kungangcwaba abasebenzi ngemizuzwana.
Izinyathelo zokulawula ukumenywa yizinqubo zokuzihlukanisa kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile. Abasebenzi akumele bangene esiseleni esinempahla ngaphezulu ngaphandle uma impahla isizinzile noma isikhishiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuhlanza kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, ukususa impahla ekwenyukeni okulawulwayo esikhundleni sokusebenza kusuka phansi.
Uma ukungena kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanzwe, izinto ezingaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza kufanele zisuswe noma zizinzile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlanza isisele phezulu usebenzisa okokusebenza okukude ngaphambi kokungena, noma ngokusebenza endaweni evikela izisebenzi ezintweni ezingaphezulu.
Izinqubo zokukhiya kanye ne-tagout kufanele zisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izinto zokuphatha ezixhunywe kusisele. Izinto eziphakelayo, amaconveyor, kanye nempahla yokukhipha amanzi kumele ikhiywe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyakaza kwezinto ezingalindelekile. Ukukhiya kufanele kuqinisekiswe, hhayi nje kucatshangwe.
Izingozi Zomzimba - Ukuwa kusuka Ekuphakameni
Ukuhlanza iSilo kuvame ukudinga umsebenzi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izisebenzi zingangena esiseleni ngezimbobo eziphezulu, ezidinga ukugibela noma ukusebenzisa amakheshi. I-scaffolding yangaphakathi ingase idingeke ukuze kufinyelele ukunqwabelana ezindongeni. Ukuwa okuvela kulezi zindawo eziphakeme kungabangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu noma ukufa.
Izinyathelo zokulawula ukuwa yizinsimbi zokuqapha, izinhlelo zokubopha umuntu siqu, kanye nezikafula. Ama-Guardrails kufanele afakwe kuzo zonke iziqongo ze-silo ezivulekile. Amasistimu okubopha abantu abawayo, okuhlanganisa namahhanisi agcwele umzimba wonke kanye namalayadi, kufanele kugqokwe yinoma ubani osengozini yokuwa. Uhlelo lokuboshwa kokuwa kufanele lubambelele esakhiweni esikwazi ukusekela umthwalo odingekayo.
Isikafula ngaphakathi kwesisele kufanele simiswe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe futhi sihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. I-scaffolding kufanele yakhelwe imithwalo esizoyithwala, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi, izinto zokusebenza, nezinto ezingawela kuso.
Izitebhisi nezitebhisi zokungena kumele zibe sesimweni esihle. Izintambo ezilimele, izindawo ezishelelayo, nezinsimbi zezandla ezingekho kuyizingozi ezivamile ezingalungiswa ngezindleko eziphansi.
Izingozi Zomzimba - Izinsiza Ezihlobene
Imishini yokuhlanza idala ezayo izingozi. Izinqamuli zomoya, amathuluzi kagesi, nezinto ezisebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi zingabangela ukusikeka, ukuchotshozwa, nokunqunywa kwesitho uma kungagadiwe kahle. Imishini yokujethela amanzi anomfutho ophakeme ingabangela ukusikeka okubi kakhulu, ukulimala kwamehlo, nokulimala komjovo lapho amanzi engena esikhunjeni.
Izinyathelo zokulawula izingozi zemishini ukuqapha, ukukhiya, kanye nempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu. Izingxenye ezihambayo kufanele zigadwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthintana. Amathuluzi kufanele ahlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi asesimweni esihle. Amathuluzi angalungile kufanele asuswe kusevisi.
Imishini yokujethela amanzi anomfutho ophezulu kumele isetshenziswe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Indiza akufanele neze iqondiswe kumuntu. I-nozzle kufanele ifakwe isishintshi somuntu ofile esimisa i-jet uma u-opharetha ekhulula i-trigger.
Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa esiseleni kufanele zibekwe phansi ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhishwa okungaguquki. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza ngezinto ezivuthayo noma ezindaweni ezingase zibe neziqhumane.
Izingozi Zomzimba - Umsindo Nokudlidliza
Ukuhlanza isilo kuwumsebenzi onomsindo. Izinqamuli zomoya, izidlidlizi, nezisetshenziswa zokuphatha eziphathekayo zingakhiqiza amazinga omsindo ngaphezu kwemikhawulo ephephile. Ukuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu omsindo kubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isilinganiso sokulawula umsindo ukuvikela ukuzwa. Izisebenzi kufanele zifake izinto zokuzivikela ezindlebeni, okungaba ama-earplugs noma ama-earmuff, lapho amazinga omsindo edlula umkhawulo wokuchayeka ovunyelwe. Izivikeli kufanele zifakwe kahle futhi zigqokwe ngesikhathi sonke sokuchayeka.
Ukudlidliza okuvela ezintweni zokusebenza kungabangela i-hand arm vibration syndrome, isimo esilimaza imizwa nemithambo yegazi esezandleni. Izinyathelo zokulawula zikhawulela isikhathi sokuchayeka, kusetshenziswa amagilavu avimbela ukudlidliza, nokugcina okokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza.
Izingozi Zamakhemikhali
Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni izisele angaba yingozi. Izincibilikisi, okokuhlanza, nezinye izinto zokuhlanza kungase kubangele ukucasuka kwesikhumba, izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma imiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo. Ngisho namanzi, uma ehlanganiswe nezinto ezithile, angadala izimo eziyingozi.
Izinyathelo zokulawula izingozi zamakhemikhali ukufaka esikhundleni, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu. Izinto zokuhlanza eziphephile kufanele zisetshenziswe noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Abasebenzi kufanele bavikeleke ekuthinteni ngokusebenzisa amagilavu, izibuko, nezingubo zokuzivikela.
Lapho amanzi esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza, ukugeleza kungase kube nezinto eziyingozi. Ukushisa kufanele kugcinwe futhi kulahlwe kahle. Imisele kufanele ivikelwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Amashidi edatha yokuphepha okubalulekile kufanele abuyekezwe ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuhlanza. Amaphepha edatha akhomba izingozi zezinto ezihlanzwayo kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza asetshenziswayo. Baphinde banikeze isiqondiso mayelana nezinyathelo zokuzivikela.
Ukulawula Amandla Ayingozi
Amandla ayingozi avela emithonjeni kagesi, imishini, umoya, kanye ne-hydraulic kufanele ilawulwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza izisele. Ukunikezwa amandla okungalindelekile kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu noma ukufa.
Isilinganiso sokulawula ukukhiya ngaphandle kanye ne-tagout. Yonke imithombo yamandla exhunywe kusisele kufanele ikhonjwe, ihlukaniswe, futhi ikhiywe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amandla kagesi ezimotweni, ukunikezwa kwe-pneumatic kuma-valve, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwe-hydraulic emishinini.
Imishini yokukhiya kufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela evimbela ukunikezwa amandla ngengozi. Isisebenzi ngasinye kufanele sisebenzise isikhiya saso nokhiye. Kufanele kusetshenziswe amathegi ukukhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokuthi imishini akufanele isetshenziswe.
Ukuqinisekisa kubalulekile. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokhiye namathegi, okokusebenza kufanele kuhlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunamandla. Lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngumuntu ozochayeka engozini.
Ukubhekwa Kwezempilo kanye Nokufaneleka Kwemisebenzi
Akubona bonke abasebenzi abakulungele ukuhlanza izisele. Izidingo ezingokwenyama zomsebenzi, kuhlangene nezingozi zemvelo, zidinga ukuthi abasebenzi babe nempilo enhle.
Izinhlelo zokubhekwa kwezokwelapha kufanele zibandakanye imizimba yangaphambi kokuqashwa, ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, nokuhlolwa kwezigameko zangemuva. Izisebenzi kufanele zihlolwe impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukusebenza kokuphefumula, namandla omzimba.
Abasebenzi abanezimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifuba somoya, noma izinkinga zemisipha namathambo bangase babe sengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokuhlanza izisele. Ukulinganiselwa kwabo kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kwabiwa umsebenzi.
Ukulungela umsebenzi kuhlanganisa nokulungela umsebenzi. Abasebenzi akufanele babelwe ukuhlanza izisele uma bekhathele, begula, noma bephazamiseke ngenxa yemithi noma ezinye izinto. Amashejuli okusebenza kufanele akhelwe ukuvimbela ukukhathala ngokweqile.
Ukuhlelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuhlenga
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, izimo eziphuthumayo ziyenzeka. Ukuhlelela izimo eziphuthumayo kunciphisa imiphumela uma kwenzeka.
Izinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele zibandakanye izinhlinzeko zokuhlenga esiseleni. Ukuhlenga endaweni evalekile kunzima futhi kudla isikhathi. Uhlelo kumele luhlonze ukuthi ubani ozohlenga, yiziphi izinto ezizosetshenziswa, nokuthi ukuhlenga kuzohlanganiswa kanjani.
Imishini yokuhlenga kufanele ibe khona futhi inakekelwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-tripods, amawintshi, amahanisi, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo zokuhlenga isikhala esivalekile. Abasebenzi kumele baqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa imishini.
Ukuxhumana kufanele kusungulwe phakathi kwethimba labasebenzi kanye nethimba labatakuli. Uhlelo lwezokuxhumana kufanele luthembeke futhi kufanele luhlolwe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi.
Uhlelo oluphuthumayo kufanele lubuyekezwe nabo bonke abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuhlanzwa kwezisele. Izisebenzi kufanele zazi ukuthi yini okufanele ziyenze uma kuba nomlilo, kuwa impahla, noma isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Ukugada kanye Nokulawula Umsebenzi
Ukugada okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni izisele eziphephile. Umphathi kufanele aqonde izingozi zomsebenzi futhi kufanele abe khona ukuze aqinise izinqubo zokuphepha.
Abaphathi kufanele baqeqeshwe ngezinqubo zokungena esikhaleni esivalekile nasezingozini ezithile zokuhlanza izisele. Kumele babe negunya lokumisa umsebenzi uma izimo zingaphephile.
Izimvume zokusebenza kumele zikhishwe kukho konke ukuhlanzwa kwezisele. Imvume kufanele ikhombe abasebenzi, umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, izingozi, nezindlela zokulawula. Imvume kufanele ibuyekezwe futhi ivuselelwe njengoba kudingeka.
Abasebenzi kumele bafanelekele imisebenzi abayenzayo. Iziqu zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa, isipiliyoni, kanye nekhono elibonisiwe. Abasebenzi akufanele banikezwe imisebenzi abangayifanelekeli.
Izinsiza Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu
Izinto zokuzivikela ziwumugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela. Ivikela abasebenzi uma ezinye izilawuli zinganele.
Izisetshenziswa zokuvikela ezincane zokuhlanza izisele zihlanganisa izigqoko eziqinile, izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko, amagilavu, izicathulo ezivikelayo, nokuvikela ukuzwa. Imishini eyengeziwe ingase idingeke kuye ngezingozi.
Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula kuvame ukudingeka ekuhlanzeni isisele. Uhlobo lokuvikela ukuphefumula luncike engozini. Ama-air purifying respirators asusa ukungcola emoyeni. Ama-air respirators anikeziwe ahlinzeka ngomoya ohlanzekile ovela emthonjeni ohlukile.
Izingubo zokuzivikela zivikela abasebenzi ezingozini zamakhemikhali nezomzimba. Amakhava, amasudi amakhemikhali, nokuvikela ukushisa kungase kudingeke kuye ngezimo.
Zonke izinto zokuzivikela kufanele zifakwe ngendlela efanele futhi zinakekelwe. Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe ekusebenziseni imishini yabo.
Ukuqeqeshwa Nokwazi
Ukuqeqeshwa kuyisisekelo sokuhlanza izisele eziphephile. Abasebenzi abaziqondayo izingozi nezindlela zokulawula maningi amathuba okuthi basebenze ngokuphepha.
Ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala kufanele kufake izingozi zokuhlanza izisele, izinqubo okufanele zilandelwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuphepha. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kubhalwe phansi futhi kufake nemiboniso engokoqobo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kokuvuselela kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuvela izingozi ezintsha nezinqubo ezindala ziyashintsha. Izisebenzi ezingavuselelwanga zingase zizithele ngabandayo.
Abasebenzi kufanele bahlolwe ukuthi banekhono yini. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake kokubili izingxenye ezibhaliwe nezisebenzayo. Abasebenzi abafeyila isivivinyo kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.
Abaphathi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ekugadweni, ekuphenduleni izimo eziphuthumayo, nokuqashelwa kwezingozi. Abaphathi abaqeqeshelwe ukuphepha basebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izingozi.
Isiko Lokuphepha Nokuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo
Izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu nezinto zokusebenza azisebenzi ngaphandle kwesiko lokuphepha elizazisayo. Isiko lokuphepha ukuqonda okwabelwana ngakho ukuthi yini ebalulekile nokuthi izinto zenziwa kanjani.
Isiko lokuphepha elihle likhuthaza ukubika ngezingozi nokuphuthelwa eduze. Uma izisebenzi zibona izingozi, ziyazibika. Uma kwenzeka ukugejwa eduze, kuyaphenywa. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinqubo.
Isiko lokuphepha elihle liyakubona ukubaluleka kokuphepha ekuthatheni izinqumo. Ingcindezi yokukhiqiza ayikweqi ukuphepha. Abasebenzi abacelwa ukuthi bathathe izindlela ezinqamulelayo ezibeka ezokuphepha engozini.
Isiko lokuphepha elihle liyaqhubeka. Ayimi uma umsebenzi usuphelile. Iyaqhubeka ngokuhlela, ukuqeqesha, nokubuyekeza.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlanza isilo kuwumsebenzi oyingozi. Izingozi zihlanganisa izingozi zomkhathi, ukuguguleka, ukuwa, izingozi ezihlobene nemishini, izingozi zamakhemikhali, namandla ayingozi. Ukulawula lezi zingozi kudinga indlela ehlelekile ehlanganisa ukuhlonza, ukuhlola, nokulawula.
Izinyathelo zokulawula ezichazwe kulesi sihloko ziyasebenza futhi zingasetshenziswa ngezindleko eziphansi. Ukuhlola kanye nokukhipha umoya kulawula izingozi zomoya. Izinqubo zokuzihlukanisa kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zilawula ukugcwala. I-Guardrails kanye nesistimu yokuboshwa kokuwa iyawa. Izingozi zemishini yokuqapha nokukhiya. Ukushintshanisa nezinto ezivikelayo zilawula izingozi zamakhemikhali.
Ukugada okuphumelelayo, ukuqeqeshwa, nokuhlela izimo eziphuthumayo kubalulekile. Abasebenzi kumele babe neziqu futhi bawuhlomele umsebenzi. Abaphathi kufanele basebenzise izinqubo zokuphepha futhi bamise umsebenzi lapho izimo zingaphephile.
Ukuphepha akukhona nje ukuvikela abasebenzi. Kumayelana nokuvikela indawo kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Ingozi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza isisele ingabangela ukulahleka kokukhiqiza, ukulimala kwemishini, kanye nezinhlawulo zokulawula. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokuphepha akuyona izindleko. Kuwutshalomali emisebenzini ethembekile.
Ezikhungweni ezithatha ukuphepha kokuhlanza izisele njengento ebalulekile, inzuzo akuyona nje izingozi ezimbalwa. Futhi iyizisebenzi ezilungiselelwe kangcono, imisebenzi yokuhlanza enokwethenjelwa, kanye nokuthembela okukhulu emandleni esikhungo okulawula ubungozi baso.
