Akuzona zonke izinto eziyinqwaba ezinzima ngokulinganayo ukususa esiseleni. Ezinye ziyaphuma ngokungenelela okuncane. Ezinye zidinga izinsuku zokubethelwa, ukusika, nokumbiwa. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihluka ebunzimeni bazo bokuhlanza kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuklama amasu okuhlanza asebenzayo nokukhetha izindlela zokungenelela ezifanele.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wereferensi ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo ezinquma ubunzima bokuhlanza. Ichaza ukuthi indawo ngayinye ithinta kanjani ukuziphatha kokuqoqwa kanye nezidingo zokuhlanza. Inikeza izivivinyo ezilula onjiniyela bezitshalo abangazenza ukuze babonise izinto zabo. Futhi inikeza isiqondiso sokuqhathanisa izindlela zokuhlanza nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo.
Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Nokusabalalisa
Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya buyinto ebonakalayo kakhulu, futhi bunomthelela oqondile ebunzimeni bokuhlanza.
Izinto ezimahhadla, ezinezinhlayiya ezinkulu kunamamilimitha amahlanu, ngokuvamile kulula ukuzihlanza kunezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Izinhlayiya zinendawo encane yobukhulu beyunithi ngayinye, okusho ukuthi indawo encane etholakalayo yamandla okunamathela. Futhi mancane amathuba okuthi bakhe ama-arches ahlangene. Amakhothamo emishini angenzeka lapho izinhlayiya ezinkulu zihlangana, kodwa lezi ngokuvamile zilula ukuhlephuka kunamakhothamo ahlangene ezintweni ezinhle.
Izinto ezinhle, ezinezinhlayiya ezincane kune-microns eziyikhulu, zinzima kakhulu ukuzihlanza. Indawo ephakeme ngeyunithi yesisindo ivumela amandla anamandla e-van der Waals kanye nezinto eziheha i-electrostatic ukuthi zithuthuke. Izinto ezinhle zihlangana ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi zithole amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zakha amadiphozithi aminyene, aqinile amelana nokuphazamiseka kwemishini.
Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, hhayi nje usayizi omaphakathi, nakho kubalulekile. Izinto ezinosayizi obanzi wokusabalalisa, okusho ingxube yezinhlayiya ezinkulu nezincane, ngokuvamile zinzima kakhulu ukuzihlanza kunezinto ezinokusabalalisa okuncane. Izinhlayiya ezincane zigcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu, zenze ukupakisha okuminyene okuhlangene kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kosayizi wezinhlayiyana akudingi okokusebenza kwelabhorethri. Ukuhlaziywa kwesefo okulula kusetshenziswa izikrini ezijwayelekile kunikeza idatha ewusizo. Konjiniyela abaningi bezitshalo, umehluko ofanelekile ukuthi ingabe impahla iqinile ngokwanele ukuthi ingaphathwa ngamathuluzi alula noma inhle ngokwanele ukudinga okokusebenza okunamandla noma ukujeziswa kwamanzi.
Okuqukethwe Umswakama
Umswakama uyisici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanzeni ubunzima bezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo. Impahla eyomile futhi egelezayo inganamathela futhi inganyakazi lapho umswakama ukhula.
Umphumela womswakama uncike ezintweni. Kuma-powder amaningi, kunomswakama obalulekile ongaphezu kwalokho ukugeleza okungathembeki. Ngaphansi kwaleli zinga, impahla iziphatha njengesiqinile esigelezayo samahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla ithuthukisa amandla okuhlangana akhula ngomswakama. Izinga lomswakama elibalulekile liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Usimende ungase ubonise imiphumela emazingeni omswakama aphansi njengephesenti elilodwa. Ezinye izinto zingabekezelela amaphesenti ayishumi noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba zibe yinkinga.
Umswakama nawo uthinta ukuhlanza ngendlela yesibili. Uma amanzi engezwa ukuze kususwe ukuvaleka, kungaba ngokuzulazula kwamanzi noma ngokujiya, kungabangela ukuthi okusele kube lukhuni noma kusethe. Usimende nomcako yizibonelo zakudala lapho ukungeza amanzi kwenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu kunokuba ibe ngcono.
Ukulinganisa umswakama womswakama kudinga okokusebenza okulula. Imitha yomswakama noma ihhavini laselabhorethri inganikeza idatha yobuningi. Ngisho nokuhlola kwekhwalithi, okufana nokukhama inqwaba yezinto kanye nokubheka ukuthi kubambene ndawonye, kunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo ekuhlanzeni izinqumo zamasu.
Ezikhungweni eziphatha izinto ezizwela umswakama, ukulawula umswakama kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kunokuphatha ukuhlanza. Ukuvala uphawu ophahleni okuthuthukisiwe, ama-inlet nama-outlet seal angcono, nomoya onesimo kunganciphisa ukungena komswakama futhi kunciphise imvamisa yokuhlanza.
Ukubumbana kanye ne-Engeli Yokuphumula
Ukubumbana kungamandla angaphakathi ezinto eziningi. Izinto ezinokuhlangana okuphezulu zinamathelana futhi zimelane nokugeleza. Izinto ezinokuhlangana okuphansi zigeleza kalula.
Ukubumbana kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nomswakama, kodwa kuyimpahla ehlukile. Ezinye izinto ezinhle, ezomile zinokuhlangana okuphansi futhi zigeleza ngokukhululeka. Ezinye, ngisho noma zomile, zinokuhlangana okuphezulu ngenxa yokuma kwezinhlayiyana noma imiphumela ye-electrostatic.
I-engeli yokuphumula iyinkomba esebenzayo yokuhlangana. Leli i-engeli ephezulu lapho inqwaba yezinto ingapakishwa khona ngaphambi kokuba igoqe. Izinto ezinama-engeli aphansi okuphumula, amadigri angaphansi kwamashumi amathathu, zinokuhlangana okuphansi futhi zigeleza kalula. Izinto ezinama-engeli aphezulu okuphumula, ngaphezu kwamadigri angamashumi amane nanhlanu, zinokuhlangana okuphezulu futhi kunzima ukugeleza.
Ukulinganisa i-engeli yokuphumula kudinga ukuvele uthele into endaweni eyisicaba futhi kukalwe i-engeli yekhoni ewumphumela. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ngesampula elincane elabhorethri yezitshalo noma ngisho nasesitolo sokulungisa.
Izinto zokuhlangana okuphezulu zidinga izindlela zokuhlanza ezinolaka. Ukudlidliza okulula noma ukugoqa kungase kunganele. Ama-breaker powered, jetting water, noma imishini yokubhidliza esetshenziswa kude kungase kudingeke. Izinto zokuhlangana eziphansi ngokuvamile zingasulwa ngokudlidliza noma nge-rodding.
Ubulukhuni kanye Nokuqina
Ukuqina ukumelana kwezinto eziphazamisayo. Izinto eziqinile zinzima ukuphuka. Izinto ezithambile kulula ukuphuka.
Ubulukhuni buba bukhulu uma impahla isihlanganiswe yaba amadiphozithi aqinile. Amadiphozithi usimende angafinyelela ubulukhuni obuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo. Amakhemikhali athile aphakathi nendawo angakha ama-crusts aqine kakhulu amelana nama-breaker mechanical.
I-abrasiveness ihlobene nokuba lukhuni kodwa ibhekisela kumthelela wento esetshenziswayo. Izinto ezigugulekayo ziwohloka amathiphu okuphuka, amathuluzi okusika, namalayini e-silo. I-abrasiveness ephezulu inyusa izindleko zokuhlanza kanye nomonakalo esiseleni.
Ukuhlola ubulukhuni akudingi okokusebenza okukhethekile. Ukuhlolwa kokuklwebha okulula, okufana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamaminerali, kunganikeza isilinganiso esinzima. Izinto ezikwazi ukuklwejwa ngommese ephaketheni zithambile. Izinto ezibuthuntu ummese ziqinile. Izinto ezingakwazi ukuklwejwa nhlobo zinzima kakhulu futhi zizodinga imishini ekhethekile ukuze zisuswe.
Izinto eziqinile zivame ukudinga ukujeziswa kwamanzi njengendlela eyinhloko yokususa. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kunqamula kumadiphozithi aqinile ngaphandle kokuguga okutholwa amagebhula. Umfutho wamanzi kumele uhambisane nobulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Izinto ezithambile zingase zonakaliswe ukucindezela okukhulu.
Flow Umsebenzi kanye Compressibility
Umsebenzi wokugeleza ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi esetshenziswa kokubalulekile kanye nekhono layo lokugeleza. Iwuphawu oluphelele kakhulu lokuziphatha kokugeleza, kodwa ludinga ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile.
Ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo, ukuminyana kusebenza njengommeleli wokugeleza komsebenzi. Ukuminyana ukuncishiswa kwevolumu okwenzeka lapho into ingaphansi kwengcindezi. Izinto ezinokucindezelwa okuphezulu ngokuvamile zinzima ukugeleza ngoba izinhlayiya zihlangana ziqine.
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezelwa okulula kuhilela ukubeka isampula lento eyisilinda esithweswe iziqu, ukusebenzisa isisindo esaziwayo, kanye nokulinganisa ukuncishiswa kwevolumu. Ukwehliswa kwevolumu njengephesenti levolumu yokuqala ukucindezelwa. Izinto ezinokucindezelwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu zibhekwa njengezicindezelwe kakhulu futhi kunzima ukugeleza.
Izinto ezicindezelwa kakhulu zidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekwakhiweni kwesisele kanye nemvamisa yokuhlanza. Zijwayele ukuhlanganiswa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa futhi zingadinga ukuhlanzwa okuvamile kunezinto ezicindezelwa kancane. Izinsiza zokugeleza ezifana neziqhumane zomoya noma ama-fluidizers ngokuvamile zizuzisa izinto ezicindezelwayo.
Ukuzwela kwezinga lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa lithinta kokubili izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza. Ezinye izinto ziba lula ukuphatha uma kushisa. Abanye baba nzima kakhulu.
Izinto ezithambisa ngokushisa, njengama-resin athile noma ama-asphalt, kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukuzihlanza lapho kushisa ngenxa yokuthi ziba zinamathele. Izinto ezinwebeka ngokushisa zingaminyana kancane futhi zigeleze kalula. Umthelela wezinga lokushisa uqondene nezinto ezithile futhi kufanele unqunywe esimweni ngasinye.
Izinga lokushisa liphinde lithinte ukuphepha. Izisele eziqukethe izinto ezishisayo, ezifana nomlotha ovela ezitshalweni zikagesi, zibeka izingozi ezishisayo kubasebenzi namathuluzi. Ukuhlanza izisele ezishisayo kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe.
Umthelela osebenzayo wokuzwela kwezinga lokushisa ukuthi isu lokuhlanza lingadinga ukuhluka ngokwezinga lokushisa. Indlela esebenza kuzinga lokushisa le-ambient ingase yehluleke ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme. Izinsiza eziphatha izinto ezizwelayo kukushisa kufanele zicabangele izinga lokushisa ekuhleleni kwazo ukuhlanza.
Chemical Properties
Amakhemikhali ezinto ezibonakalayo athinta kokubili ukuziphatha kwawo kokugeleza nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yokuhlanza.
Izinto ezisebenza emanzini, njengosimende, umcako, noma ezinye izinto ezibangela amakhemikhali, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuzihlanza lapho kufakwa umswakama. I-jetting yamanzi, esebenza kahle ezintweni eziningi, ayifanele lezi zinto. Ukususwa ngomshini kuyindlela ekhethwayo.
Izinto ezibolayo zidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile. Izinto ezine-acidic noma eziyisisekelo zingalimaza amathuluzi futhi zilimaze abasebenzi. Izinto zokuhlanza ezisetshenziselwa izinto ezibolayo kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezihambisanayo futhi zingadinga izinqubo ezikhethekile zokuhlanza.
Izinto ezinobuthi noma eziyingozi zidinga izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile. Indlela yokuhlanza kufanele ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kothuli nokuchayeka. Okokusebenza okusetshenzelwa kude kuvame ukuncanyelwa ezintweni eziyingozi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi.
Ukuqonda izici zamakhemikhali zezinto ezibalulekile ekukhetheni izindlela zokuhlanza eziphephile. Ishidi ledatha yokuphepha okubalulekile linikeza lolu lwazi futhi kufanele libuyekezwe ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuhlanza.
Izindlela Zokuhlola Ezisebenzayo
Onjiniyela bezitshalo bangahlola izinto zabo besebenzisa izindlela ezilula, ezingabizi kakhulu ezihlinzeka ngolwazi oluwusizo lokuhlanza ukuhlela.
Ukuhlola okumbalwa kuwukuhlola okulula kakhulu. Thatha into egcwele isandla uyikhame. Uma ihlukana lapho ikhululwa, inokuhlangana okuphansi. Uma ibambene eqhumeni, inokuhlangana okuphezulu. Ukuhlolwa okuyidlanzana nakho kukhombisa okuqukethwe umswakama. Uma impahla ishiya umswakama esandleni, imanzi.
Ukuhlolwa kwenqwaba kunikeza i-engeli yedatha yokuphumula. Thela into endaweni eyisicaba bese ukala i-engeli yenqwaba. I-engeli ephansi ibonisa ukugeleza okuhle. I-engeli ephezulu ibonisa ukugeleza okungalungile.
Ukuhlolwa kokuklwebha kubonisa ubulukhuni. Zama ukunwaya impahla ngommese ephaketheni. Uma inwaya kalula, ithambile. Uma imelana nokunwaya, inzima. Uma ingakwazi ukuklwejwa, inzima kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi kubonisa ukuzwela kumswakama. Engeza inani elincane lamanzi kusampula. Uma impahla isetha noma iqina, ukujeziswa kwamanzi akufanelekile. Uma impahla ihlala ixega, ukujeziswa kwamanzi kungase kusebenze.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-settlement kubonisa ukucindezelwa. Gcwalisa isitsha esicacile ngezinto, faka ingcindezi, futhi ulinganise ukuncishiswa kwevolumu. Ukwehliswa kwevolumu ephezulu kubonisa ukucindezelwa okuphezulu kanye nobunzima bokugeleza.
Lezi zivivinyo azinembile. Azikushintshi ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Kodwa banikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo sokukhetha indlela yokuhlanza futhi atholakala mahhala.
Ukufanisa Izakhiwo Nezindlela Zokuhlanza
Isiqondiso esingezansi sinikeza uhlaka lokufanisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo nezindlela zokuhlanza.
Izinto ezomile, eziphansi zokubumbana ezinezinhlayiya ezinkulu kanye nomswakama ophansi yizona ezilula ukuzihlanza. Ukudlidliza noma i-rodding ngokuvamile kwanele. Uma ukuhlanza kuyadingeka nhlobo, kungenziwa ngamathuluzi alula.
Izinto ezomile, ezinhle ezinomswakama omncane kodwa izinhlayiya ezincane zingase zibe nzima ngenxa yamandla ahlangene. Izibhamu zomoya noma ama-fluidizers ngokuvamile asebenza kahle. Izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kude zingadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe inkani.
Izinto ezimanzi ezinomswakama ophezulu kunzima ukuzihlanza ngomshini ngoba impahla inamathela kumathuluzi namathuluzi. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kungase kusebenze, kodwa kuphela uma impahla ingasabeli ngamanzi. Ukuze uthole izinto ezizwelayo emanzini, ukususwa ngomshini ngokulawula umswakama ngokucophelela kuyadingeka.
Izinto eziqinile ezinokuqina okuphezulu zidinga izindlela ezinamandla. Imishini yokubhidliza esetshenziswa ukude enama-hydraulic breaker iyindlela ekhethwayo. Ukugeleza kwamanzi ngomfutho omkhulu nakho kungasebenza. Ukufaka ngesandla ngamathuluzi esandla akufanelekile ezintweni eziqinile.
Izinto ezigugulekayo zidinga okokusebenza okuqinile. Amathiphu ama-breaker namathuluzi okusika agqoka ngokushesha. Ukugcinwa kwemishini kubalulekile. Ijetting yamanzi, engenazo izingxenye ezigugile ezithinta impahla, ingakhethwa.
Izinto eziyingozi zidinga izindlela ezikude. Ukungena kwabasebenzi kufanele kugwenywe. Izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kude, ezinakekelwa kahle futhi zisetshenzwa, kuyindlela ejwayelekile.
Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlola Okubalulekile Ekuhleleni Okuvimbelayo
Ukuhlola okubalulekile akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa. Izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo ziyashintsha ngokutholakala, ukucutshungulwa, nezimo zokugcina. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokuhlanza zihlala zifanelekile.
Uma kwethulwa umthombo omusha wezinto ezibonakalayo, yenza izivivinyo ezilula ezichazwe kulesi sihloko. Qhathanisa imiphumela nezinto zangaphambilini. Uma into entsha ihluke kakhulu, lungisa imvamisa yokuhlanza nezindlela.
Uma izinguquko zesizini zithinta umswakama, lungisa izinqubo zokuhlanza. Izinto ezomile ehlobo zingase zibe manzi ebusika. Uhlelo lokuhlanza kufanele lubhekane nalokhu kuhlukahluka kwesizini.
Uma ubude besikhathi besitoreji sishintsha, phinda uhlole izici zayo. Izinto ezigcinwe isikhathi eside zingaba nzima futhi kube nzima ukuzihlanza. Uma isikhathi sokulondoloza sikhula, ukuhlanza kungase kudingeke kube nolaka.
Bhala imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Gcina irekhodi lezakhiwo zempahla yesisele ngasinye kanye nohlobo lwempahla ngayinye. Sebenzisa leli rekhodi ukuze uqondise izinqumo zokuhlanza nokuhlonza izitayela ezingase zibonise izinkinga ezikhulayo.
Isiphetho
Izinto ezibonakalayo zinquma ubunzima bokuhlanza. Ukuqonda lezi zakhiwo kuvumela onjiniyela bezitshalo ukuthi bakhethe izindlela zokuhlanza ezifanele, balinganisele isikhathi sokuhlanza nezindleko, futhi bahlele ukunakekelwa kokuvikela.
Izindlela zokuhlola ezilula ezichazwe kulesi sihloko zitholakala kunoma yimuphi unjiniyela wezitshalo ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile. Ukuhlolwa okuncane, ukuhlolwa kwenqwaba, ukuhlolwa kokuklwejwa, ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwendawo yokuhlala kuhlinzeka ngolwazi olusebenzayo oluqondisa izinqumo zokuhlanza.
Impahla ebaluleke kakhulu ezintweni eziningi umswakama. Izinto ezomile zigeleza kalula kunezinto ezimanzi. Ukulawula umswakama ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo esiphumelela kakhulu sokuvimbela. Ngezinto ezingenakukwazi ukulawulwa umswakama, izindlela zokuhlanza kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwezinye izakhiwo zazo.
Usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukubumbana, ubulukhuni, ukuminyana, ukuzwela kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali konke kuthinta ubunzima bokuhlanza. Ukufanisa indlela yokuhlanza kulezi zakhiwo kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela futhi kunciphisa isikhathi nezindleko zokuhlanza.
Onjiniyela bezitshalo abaqonda izinto zabo benza izinqumo ezingcono zokuhlanza. Bahlanza lapho kudingeka, hhayi ngesimiso esimisiwe. Bakhetha izindlela ezisebenzayo, hhayi izindlela ezikhona. Futhi bavimbela izinkinga ngokulindela ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zizothinta kanjani ukusebenza kwe-silo.
